Abstract
Critical infrastructures serve human activities and play an essential role in societies. Infrastructural systems are not isolated but are interdependent with regard to social systems, including those of public health and economic and sustainable development. In recent years, both social and infrastructural systems have frequently been in dysfunction due to increasing natural or human-made disasters and due to the internal and external dependencies between system components. The interconnectedness between social-infrastructural systems (socio-economic systems and technical-infrastructural systems), implies that the damage to one single system can extend beyond its scope. For that reason, cascading dysfunction can occur and increase system vulnerability. This article aims to study the functional interdependencies between social-infrastructural systems and to propose a methodology to analyse and improve the resilience of these systems. Combining Actor Network Theory and the Functional Models approach, the social-infrastructural Interdependence Resilience (SIIR) framework was proposed. To assess the applicability of the approach, the framework was applied to study the interdependence of a social-infrastructural system in the Nantes Metropolis. The studied system was composed of the local Highway Infrastructure (an infrastructural system) and the Emergency Medical Service (a social system). The results (1) show the feasibility of SIIR for investigating the interdependencies of two urban systems, and (2) provide a guideline for decision-makers to improve the functional interdependencies of urban systems.
Highlights
Through the investigation of functional dependence between the Highway Infrastructure and Emergency Medical Service, this study proves that the urban social-infrastructural systems are interdependent (Figure 6)
Based on the results of the case study, we firstly found that the functional dependenthe functions of one system and the components of the other system, it was possible to cies in internal HI or Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems were constantly changing and reversible in a complex identify the interdependencies between the two systems
The interpretation of the systems by the ANT and functional analysis allows the understanding of possible dysfunctions of both “human” and “non-human” components of the studied systems across spatial-temporal dimensions
Summary
In recent times, both natural and manmade disasters have exposed modern societies. Both natural and manmade disasters have exposed modern societies In recent times, both natural and manmade disasters have exposed modern societies to many hazards due to the complex interconnection between urban subsystems [4]. All to many hazards due to the complex interconnection between urban subsystems [4]. All subsystems and components of the urban system are, mutually dependent and not subsystems and components of the urban system are, mutually dependent and not isolated In this context, dependence resilience has become an important goal for urban isolated
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