Abstract
The objective of this comprehensive review study was to compile a state-of-the-art understanding of the resilience of the transportation system due to natural and man-made disasters. This study identified resilience measurement parameters that can be used to formulate resilience quantification and improvement strategies of a transportation system. Reviewed articles were classified and summarized from two perspectives: (i) modeling based on the mode of transportation; and (ii) modeling based on the mathematical technique used to quantify resilience. One of the unique contributions of this review article is that it compiled the key resilience indices that were analyzed to quantify resilience. This review revealed that the majority of the scholarly articles on the topic of transportation system resilience published since 2006, were focused on the resilience of the roadway-based transportation system, and vulnerability was one of the most explored resilience indices in evaluating transportation system resilience. Several future research directions were identified considering the implications of emerging transportation technologies (e.g., connected and automated vehicle technology). The complex interdependency among critical infrastructure systems such as power, transportation, and communication system, as well as the cybersecurity issues in the advanced intelligent transportation system, will be vital in the resilience analysis of future transportation systems.
Highlights
Disruptive events, whether it is predictable or unpredictable, natural or man-made, have widespread impacts on transportation system performance and availability
The adaptation and mitigating of emissions can reduce the impacts of climate change, which eventually decreases the occurrence of natural disasters [122]
Future research directions Though studies compiled in this study present the stateof-the-art transportation system resilience, many new research challenges are emerging and must be explored to improve resilience performance of evolving transportation systems and services by applying more advanced modeling techniques and using heterogeneous disaster and transportation system data
Summary
Disruptive events, whether it is predictable or unpredictable, natural or man-made, have widespread impacts on transportation system performance and availability. Expressing the system resilience as the ratio of the percentage of the number of trips that can be accommodated in a post-disaster scenario, Ahmed et al [5] proposed a simplified model to evaluate transportation system resilience which considered a mixed-traffic scenario of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and manual vehicles Another recent article considered the arising travel demand from emergency evacuations out of disaster impacted zones and optimally solved to find the efficient routing strategy to improve the evacuation operation [139]. Applying the model on the road network between Boston and New York, the roadway link connecting Hartford and New York City was found to be the weakest route in terms of travel time resiliency, which implied the criticality of this route compared to other routes in the network This model was applied to a large network (inter-city transportation system) and is a good example in capturing the regional impacts of major disasters. Developing resilience model ([132], [41], [141], [3], [72], [66], [26], [99], [73], [70])
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