Abstract
Objectives: The current study used factor analytic techniques to examine the performance of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) in Nicaragua. Method: Nicaraguan youth from Managua, León, Chinandega, and Granada (n = 2,764) completed the CYRM-28 and the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI-A). The CYRM-28 and PWI-A are self-report measures that were translated into Spanish in previous studies. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis on the CYRM-28 did not support the eight-factor model from previous research. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a six-factor model: Social Belonging, Cultural Context, Caregiver Context, Social Skills, Spiritual Context, and Responsibility. Seven items were removed to improve model fit, reducing the CYRM-28 to only 21 items. We named this the CYRM-21-N (Nicaragua). Conclusion: The CYRM-28 did not yield an eight-factor structure in our data from Nicaraguan youth. Implications: From our analyses, we constructed the CYRM-21-N, a briefer version of the CYRM-28 with a revised factor structure. The CYRM-21-N may be useful in studying youth populations or assessing intervention outcomes in Nicaragua.
Highlights
While happiness is almost universally sought, researchers have struggled to precisely define it and measure it
We examined the validity of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28; Ungar & Liebenberg, 2011)
The data were appropriate for factor analysis, as indicated by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure, KMO = .91, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, χ2(378) = 119075.33, p
Summary
While happiness is almost universally sought, researchers have struggled to precisely define it and measure it. Subjective well-being (SWB) was proposed as a broad construct through which emotions, domain satisfaction, and life satisfaction might be assessed (Diener et al, 1999). SWB has been implicated as a potential component for positive youth development (Bird & Markle, 2012) and has been associated with health, longevity, and relational success (Diener et al, 2018). SWB, similar to happiness, can be an elusive and challenging target. For this reason, research is increasingly focusing on the role resilience plays in the achievement and maintenance of SWB in youth populations, especially in countries like Nicaragua.
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