Abstract
This work starts with a hypothesis that housing design process can be an open system, whose resilience becomes positive when it is understood as a process with multiple agents, among one of them is the architect. Current housing production presents inadequacies and flexibility problems that bring this system to an unbalanced situation, which makes it more difficult for people to modify the space they live. This work aims to identify if and how the insertion of other architectural strategies in housing production could foster its resilience. In order to reach this objective, this research uses an explanatory approach based on a literature review on the theme and case studies. Firstly, the concepts of system and resilience are explored under approaches that cover the reductionist and the systemic paradigm. After that, some discussions regarding housing and counter-hegemonic practices are presented. Finally, selected case studies are analysed from the perspective of the resilience characteristics in order to verify if they develop the concept of housing as a continuous process. The results enforce the need for shifting the emphasis of current housing schemes to a new configuration of dynamic balance and highlight the role of open and informational processes to achieve this goal.
Highlights
The contemporary concept of housing has been increasingly associated to actions developed by people in a network of experiences, which goes beyond the housing unit as a physical object
COUNTER-HEGEMONIC STRATEGIES: OPENNESS IN ARCHITECTURE Considering the housing concepts described by Pelli (2006) and Ortiz Flores (2011), where housing is directly related to an infrastructure network, which integrates transportation systems, leisure equipment, services and even social relations, the current strategies in housing production seem to be distant from being resilient
The discussions about the concept of system applied to housing, under the complexity perspective, made it possible to recognize several aspects that characterize it as a socioecological system, with an emphasis on the fundamental parameters of permanence, environment and autonomy (Vieira, 2000)
Summary
The contemporary concept of housing has been increasingly associated to actions developed by people in a network of experiences, which goes beyond the housing unit as a physical object. According to Pelli (2006) and Ortiz Flores (2011), it relates to the possibilities of inhabiting the spatial and social fabric, with a strong exchange between the domestic unit and the city This approach connects with the concept of the right to the city, developed in the 1960s by Lefebvre (2001), according to which people's lives are shaped by a complex network of relationships. As Ronconi (2016) analyses, in the construction market, work is conducted mainly through informal ways, which consist on small tasks performed by informal (25%) or self-employed workers (36%) Even though these informal buildings are produced by the average population as a way of empowerment, the lack of planning (evolving space, money or another issue) leads to a low quality of construction and of the urban design specially. A literature review and a discussion about those research topics were developed, followed by some case studies about housing produced by counter-hegemonic practices, which culminate in a systematization of how those processes and concepts are applied by the practices analyzed
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