Abstract
This article studies the resilience and energy management in multi-microgrid system. In the proposed model, the microgrid is formed by four sub-microgrids. Based on the system of systems (SOS), these sub-microgrids pool their resources and capacities together to form a new and more complex microgrid that provides further functionality than the basic separated microgrids. One of the sub-microgrids is connected to the external grid. The tie-line connections are between all sub-microgrids. Some connections are normally-open and the rest are normally-closed. The status of normally-open connections is changed to close when the resilience or economic criteria dictate. The sub-microgrids are integrated with solar panels, wind turbines, battery energy storage (BES) and loads. All sub-microgrids are also equipped with diesel generator as emergency resource. Under normal operating condition, the proposed model optimally utilizes the resources of all sub-microgrids to minimize the cost, pools the extra resources of sub-microgrids, and optimizes the operation of batteries and diesel generators. Under faulty operating condition when some or all sub-microgrids are islanded, the model supplies the loads with zero load curtailment and minimizes the costs. In the faulty condition, the model may change the status of connections from normally-open to close when required. The simulation results on a given test system verify that the recommended model confirms optimal operation of the microgrid. Furthermore, all sub-microgrids, improves resilience, minimizes operating cost, handles the events and achieves zero load curtailment under both faulty and healthy conditions.
Highlights
The microgrids are one of the efficient structures to deal with issues of large-scale electric power systems where the generation and consumption centers are located far apart from each other
In the normal operating condition, all subsystems pool their resources to fill the gap caused by mismatch between generation and load demand
The proposed model by this paper successfully address this issue by using the switches between submicrogirds
Summary
The microgrids are one of the efficient structures to deal with issues of large-scale electric power systems where the generation and consumption centers are located far apart from each other. The distributed energy resources like renewables, batteries and hydrogen allow the microgrid to operate on off-grid operation mode [2] These generation systems are directly connected to the loads which may be the linear, nonlinear, or reactive loads [3, 4]. The electric vehicle and transferable loads are investigated in microgrids as effective resources that make impacts on both economic and technical aspects of microgrid operation [5]. The combination of these capacity resources provides a very flexible functionality and performance than the simple bulk electric power systems. The transition from grid-tied to off-grid may lead to excess generation or load demand that must be spilled or
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