Abstract
In resilience-based frameworks, optimizing the repair strategy and approaches is important for the recovery of the function of gas network systems (GNS) and water network systems (WNS). According to the resilience quantification results of GNS and WNS for a real example urban city in China, the potential impact of utilizing different repair sequences and repair/replacement approaches was investigated. First, a Monte Carlo simulation-based method was proposed to search for the optimal repair sequence according to the skew of the recovery trajectory (SRT). Under high seismic intensity conditions, the significant difference between the repair sequence corresponding to maximum SRT and minimum SRT indicates that choosing the optimal repair sequence is important in the enhancement of repair efficiency, especially when the pipelines have experienced serious damage. We also discussed the parallel repair strategy, which is more consistent with the practice, and can greatly improve the recovery efficiency compared with the single pipeline repair strategy under large damage conditions; however, under minor damage levels, the parallel repair strategy may result in a certain degree of redundancy. Next, three different repair approaches were thoroughly compared, including the point-by-point repair approach, whole pipeline replacement, and hybrid repair approach. At the condition of high seismic intensity (e.g., macroseismic intensity IX), the resilience curves for the hybrid repair approach and the pipeline replacement approach are overall similar and take less time and economic cost than the point-by-point repair approach. However, when the seismic intensity is low, the point-by-point repair approach is most efficient and has the shortest recovery time. Therefore, the choice of repair approach should be determined by stakeholders based on the specific pipeline’s damage situation. Finally, we calculated the joint resilience curves by allocating different weight factors to GNS and WNS, to represent the proportion of water and gas supply that contributes to community resilience.
Highlights
As critical infrastructures, the gas network system (GNS) and water network systems (WNS) play important roles in ensuring the normal operation of modern societies.Earthquake disasters can have significant consequences on GNS and WNS, which are spatially distributed networks composed of numerous interconnected and interacting components [1,2]
We focus on the technical dimension, which refers to the ability of physical components of the system to operate normally after earthquake events [5,9]
The total recovery time (TRT) is the time required for the network to be restored to its pre-hazard functionality level, while the skew of the recovery trajectory (SRT) is defined to capture the characteristics of the recovery trajectory that relate to the restoration efficiency of different repair strategies considered
Summary
The gas network system (GNS) and water network systems (WNS) play important roles in ensuring the normal operation of modern societies. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3344 does the direct resulting disaster need to be paid attention to, like the explosion caused by gas leakage, measuring the function recovery process of the network system is quite important. The earthquake loss of resilience, RL, is usually defined using Equation (1) [20]: RL = It was measured by the expected degradation in performance function of the system, Q(t), over a time period t0 to t1 , where t0 represents the time when the earthquake occurred and t1 refers to the time when the infrastructure returns to the pre-event state. (4) The resilience of a single lifeline system, like GNS or WNS itself, is not enough to measure the overall post-event function recovery process of a community or a region of a city. Three different repair approaches, including the point-by-point repair approach, the whole pipeline replacement, and hybrid repair approach, were thoroughly compared under different conditions
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