Abstract
Resilient infrastructure systems are essential for continuous and reliable functioning of social and economic systems. Taking advantage of network theory, this paper models street network, water supply network, power grid and information infrastructure network as layers that are integrated into a multilayer network. The infrastructure interdependencies are described using five basic dependence patterns of fundamental network elements. Definitions of dynamic cascading failures and recovery mechanisms of infrastructure systems are also established. The main contribution of the paper is a new infrastructure network resilience measure capable of addressing complex infrastructure system, as well as network component (layer) interdependences. The new measure is based on infrastructure network performance, proactive absorptive capacity and reactive restorative capacity, with three resilience features of network—robustness, resourcefulness, and rapidity. The quantitative resilience measure using dynamic space-time simulation model is illustrated with a multilayer infrastructure network numerical test, including different response strategies to floods of different scale. The results demonstrate that the resilience measure provides an evaluation method of various protection and restoration strategies that will optimize the performance of interdependent infrastructure system. The sector-specific decisions could not always lead to optimal system solutions, and systems approach offers significant benefits for increasing infrastructure system resilience. This study can assist municipal decision makers in (i) better understanding the effects of different response strategies on the resilience of interdependent infrastructure system, and (ii) deciding which strategy should be adopted under different types of disasters.
Highlights
Infrastructure systems, such as telecommunications, electric power systems, natural gas and oil, transport, and water supply, are essential for continuous and reliable functioning of social and economic systems, as they provide them with the fundamental services that support the economic productivity, security, and population quality of life
The following section of the paper concentrates on the relationship between the infrastructure system resilience and the restoration strategies which are taking into consideration the infrastructure system interdependences
The test infrastructure network system performance is simulated using the dynamic infrastructure system resilience metric presented in Section 3.3 for three flood disturbance scenarios described in Section 5.3, and five restoration strategies presented in Sections 4.1–4.5, respectively
Summary
Infrastructure systems, such as telecommunications, electric power systems, natural gas and oil, transport, and water supply, are essential for continuous and reliable functioning of social and economic systems, as they provide them with the fundamental services that support the economic productivity, security, and population quality of life. A generic network model resilience is developed based on the definition from [15], which is derived from the work of MCEER (Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research) [30,31] To apply this time-dependent resilience definition to interdependent infrastructure network systems requires: (i) Development of network system performance curves during a specific time period from the beginning of the disturbance until the time of full system recovery; and (ii) description of joint performance of multiple infrastructure network layers with the consideration of cascading failures. The second part of the paper presents a multilayer infrastructure network model, and formulates basic dependence patterns of individual infrastructure components that are capable of addressing dynamic cascading failures and various recovery strategies. The paper ends with the discussion of the multiple impacts of diverse interdependences on infrastructure network and conclusions
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