Residues of sulfonamides and their acetylated metabolites in the environment of aquaculture

Lei Tong,Liting Qin,Mesmire E Wilson,Chuan Guan,O Chudaev,Y Kharaka,R Harmon,R Millot,O Shouakar-Stash

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20199809030

Abstract

This study documents the occurrence of sulfonamides (SA) and their acetylated metabolite compounds in an aquaculture environment in China. Five parent compounds of SAs and four metabolites were detected in fish water, surface water, and groundwater. The most relevant compounds in terms of frequency of detection and maximum concentrations detected were sulfamethoxazole and sulfachinoxalin in fish water and surface water, with average concentrations of 541 ng/L and 274 ng/L, respectively. The acetylated metabolites were detected at higher concentrations than their parent compounds in groundwater, although they were much lower than in the surface environment. The recent appearance of acetylated metabolites of SAs in groundwater samples demonstrates the environmental health concern and the need of further study.

Highlights

Industrial aquaculture has been a rapidly growing industry in China in recent years
Individual antibiotic stock standard solutions were prepared at 1000 μg/mL by dissolving 10 mg of the individual compound in 10 mL methanol (MeOH)
SMZ, SMX, SQX, AcSDZ and AcSMX were found in all fish water and surface water samples

Summary

Introduction

Industrial aquaculture has been a rapidly growing industry in China in recent years. The occurrence of antibiotics has raised great concern as they have the potential to negatively affect non-target living organisms. These compounds are extensively used in both human and veterinary medicine against microbial infections. Residues of SAs have been detected in different water environments, such as municipal sewage, surface water and even groundwater [3]. Few studies have reported the residues of metabolites in the environment, especially acetylated metabolites of SAs. It is known that the metabolism of SAs involves acetylation and oxidation at the N4-nitrogen atom, leading to N4-acetyl and N4-hydroxy SAs [4]. The occurrence of metabolites in the environment is important for antibiotic pollution control

Methods

Results

Conclusion