Abstract
ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide capable of controlling a wide range of weed. It uses could cause the occurrence of residues in conventional or genetically modified crops. For this purpose, grains (soybean and corn) and cotton seeds were sampled from commercial areas in 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 seasons in different Brazilian agricultural regions to monitor glyphosate residues levels and its metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid - AMPA) after different managements. The glyphosate residues levels in genetically modified corn (GM) ranged from no detected (ND) to 0.15 mg kg-1, in GM soybean values ranged from ND to 2.81 mg kg-1 and in GM cotton ranged from ND to 1.78 mg kg-1. AMPA residues levels indicated a correlation with the glyphosate residues. Glyphosate residues levels in soybean and corn grains and cotton seeds were within the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) established by ANVISA and Codex Alimentarius.
Highlights
The commercialization of agricultural products derived from biotechnology, or Genetically Modified (GM) crops, started in 1996, and in 2017 the cumulative area planted in the World was of approximately 2.3 billion hectares, including the main agricultural crops
In Brazil, the total of 50.2 million hectares planted with GM crops in 2017, approximately 34 million hectares were GM soybean, being 40% of them were for herbicide tolerant cultivars (HT) and 60% to insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cultivars (IR/ HT)
The results of glyphosate residues in cotton seeds for treatments MON 531 × MON 1445, control 3, MON 15983 × MON 88913 and control 4 ranged from no detected (ND) to 1.78 mg kg-1 (Table 8)
Summary
The commercialization of agricultural products derived from biotechnology, or Genetically Modified (GM) crops, started in 1996, and in 2017 the cumulative area planted in the World was of approximately 2.3 billion hectares, including the main agricultural crops (soybean, corn, cotton and canola). In the period between 1996 and 2016, GM crops were adopted by more than 18 million farmers, 90% of them small farmers in emerging countries. The area cultivated with GM crops in the World grew 3% and totaled approximately 190 million hectares, and the main countries have adopted this technology are the United States, Brazil and Argentina, which had more than 75% of their agriculture area planted with GM crops (ISAAA, 2017).
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