Abstract
Due to the intense concentration of heat in a reduced area when Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is used to join mechanical components, the regions near the weld bead are subjected to severe thermal cycles. Firstly, the region close to the weld bead that is heated tends to be in compression and, when it cools, tends to be in tension. According to Pilipenko, the material is exposed to elastic compression and, then, reaching the yield limit, undergoes plastic deformation with the appearance of residual stresses followed by elastic-plastic unloading. This could be considered as a strain-stress cycle. This paper applies plastic-strain-range memorization based on time-independent cyclic plasticity theory for butt joints with single V-groove Finite Element (FE) models that were manufactured by GMAW. The theory combines both the isotropic hardening and the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule (Chaboche model) to reproduce the behavior of cyclic plasticity and thus to obtain the residual stresses in welded joint FE models. As a practical example, the proposed theory is validated by three welded joint specimens that were manufactured with different input parameters of speed, voltage, and current. An agreement between the residual stresses obtained by the FE model proposed and those obtained experimentally by the hole drilling method at different depths demonstrates that the proposed theory could be valid for modelling the residual stresses in welded joints when cyclic plasticity is considered over the range of speed, voltage, and current studied.
Highlights
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most frequently used processes today for the production of mechanical and structural components
The current paper applies the plastic-strain-range memorization based on time-independent cyclic plasticity theory for butt joints with single V-groove Finite Element (FE) models that were manufactured by GMAW
The thirteen parameters that are defined by each of the three FE models were adjusted by the thermal conduction phenomena considered six parameters that were based evolutionary optimization techniques that are based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) [16] using as on the different pairs of contacts that made up the welded joints
Summary
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most frequently used processes today for the production of mechanical and structural components. In this process, localized heating, the non-uniform cooling, and the cooling rate accompanied by thermal gradients that arise in the weld zone, generate residual stresses that produce important deformations of welded joints. For example, macroscopic residual stress may arise due to heating of the material of the weld joint, whereas the microscopic residual stresses can be generated by micro structural transformations [3]. Residual stresses are substantially affected by the way in which the welded joints have been manufactured, the welding sequence selected, the material of the base metal and weld cord, the welding process parameters that are considered, and the manufacturing process
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