Abstract
In this contribution, the two-scale analysis of residual stress states in a hot bulk formed part with subsequent cooling in the framework of the hbox {FE}^2-method is presented. The induction of specific residual stress states in order to improve a component’s properties is an area of current research. In general, residual stresses can be induced inside a component in different ways, e.g., quenching, phase transformation in hot forming processes or dislocation movements. It is widely known that different types of residual stresses can be characterized based on the scale the type acts on. In addition to the macroscopic residual stress analysis, in which residual stresses of first type are considered, this contribution specifically analyzes the microscopic residual stress evolution as a consequence of the cooling of the component.
Highlights
Metal-forming technologies and processes offer a variety of options to influence a product’s final properties
Since residual stresses of second type influence the macroscopic residual stresses of first type, which are most important with regard to the final component’s properties, close attention has to be paid to the microscopic residual stress evolution
The cooling process of a hot bulk formed part has been examined with respect to macro- and microscopic residual stress evolution
Summary
Metal-forming technologies and processes offer a variety of options to influence a product’s final properties. Following the definitions in [25,40,85,86], stresses existing in a closed system in absence of outer forces or moments but fulfill mechanical equilibrium, are called residual stresses They are typically distinguished into three types, which are characterized by the scale they act on. Therein, macroscopic residual stresses in a hot bulk formed part are analyzed using a two-scale model with focus on aspects of numerical simulation. A microstructural analysis is performed to describe the evolution of microscopic residual stresses arising from the austenite-to-martensite transformation in the same process using an extended twoscale model.
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