Abstract
AbstractResidual stress is inherent in any fiber reinforced composite, created by the laminates processing route and high levels of anisotropy. The aim of this article is to provide an up to date review of the current state of the art in experimental techniques for the determination of residual stress in thermosetting fiber reinforced composites. Residual stress is considered at a micro‐mechanical, macro‐mechanical, and global scale as each require specific techniques to investigate and offer their own unique challenges to the designer. Many advances have been made in the experimental determination of residual stress in fiber reinforced composites since the last comprehensive review of the topic by Shokrieh in 2014. However, more work still needs to be done to develop a method that is applicable to all cases and can be applied as a universal standard. It remains a significant challenge to experimentally determine residual stress in thermosetting composites.
Highlights
Residual stress is inherent to any fiber reinforced composite part.[1]
This review focuses on the experimental techniques for the measurement of deformations caused by a change in stress state and the experimental limitations associated with these methods
There has been a huge breadth of research that has been undertaken in the numerical modeling of the manufacturing process of fiber reinforced laminates, as Baran et al[3] showed
Summary
Residual stress is inherent to any fiber reinforced composite part.[1]. The magnitude and type of residual stress will vary due to factors such as: the laminate layup, cure schedule, chemical shrinkage, and differences in coefficients of thermal expansion. In a simple unidirectional (UD) lamina a longitudinal tensile stress develops in the matrix which must be balanced by an equal and opposite compressive stress in the reinforcing fibers.[5] These residual micro-mechanical stresses can be high enough to cause matrix cracking and debonding after the manufacturing process.[6, 7] Micromechanical residual stresses tend to be on an order of magnitude less than global and macro-mechanical stresses but they can often lead to voids and other crack initiators, so can still dramatically affect the fatigue performance of the laminate.[8] chemical shrinkage of the matrix is another key contributing factor in the formation of residual stress in thermosetting matrices. This is the basis for many of the destructive techniques outlined in this review
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