Abstract
This laboratory study assessed removability of endodontic alkaline cements and resin sealers using coronal cross-sectional slices of roots with single canals. Materials were labelled with 0.1% (w/w) sodium fluorescein prior to mixing so that confocal microscopy could be used to quantify material remaining on the walls of post spaces, to assess cleanliness. Roots of extracted teeth were prepared using rotary NiTi instruments then obturated using lateral condensation with gutta percha and epoxy resin sealers (AH-Plus™ or Zirmix™), or were filled by injecting mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement (GC Nex™ MTA or MTAmix™) or a hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement (Supercal™). Brown (#3) ParaPost™ drills were used at 600 rpm with a torque setting of 3 N cm−1 for 2 min to remove 5 mm of the root filling. Roots were embedded and coronal slices examined by confocal microscopy, with the perimeter of the drill channel divided into clean, unclean and non-accessible regions. The choice of material affects cleanliness, with MTA being the most difficult and calcium hydroxide cement the easiest to remove. With epoxy resin-based sealers, almost half of the accessible canal walls remained coated with remnants of sealer after post space preparation.
Highlights
Teeth requiring root canal treatment have often lost considerable coronal tooth structure, and are restored with a crown, which may be supported by a post and core, with the post placed into the root canal space
From the perspective of the cross-sectional circumference of the post space preparation, the hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement (SupercalTM) was found to be relatively easy to remove, with drills are chosen to match the canal in size so as to preserve radicular dentine and lower the chance of root fracture
From the perspective of the cross-sectional circumference of the post space preparation, the hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement (SupercalTM) was found to be relatively easy to remove, with less than 8% of the material remaining on accessible canal walls
Summary
Teeth requiring root canal treatment have often lost considerable coronal tooth structure, and are restored with a crown, which may be supported by a post and core, with the post placed into the root canal space. A typical post space is a parallel sided preparation with a wall thickness of up to 1 mm of radicular dentine [1]. Some 3–5 mm of the root canal filling material is left in place at the apical third region [2]. The depth of the post space varies according to the required length of the post and the root morphology. Rigid posts are constructed from a metal alloy, while flexible posts can be made from various types of ceramics or fiber materials
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