Residual cardiovascular risk of patients with dyslipidemia receiving multifactorial cardiovascular prevention therapy

Abstract

Abstract Background Few studies have reported on the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with dyslipidemia receiving multifactorial treatment. Purpose To record CVD incidence and risk factors in patients with dyslipidemia receiving multifactorial CVD prevention therapy. Methods This was a retrospective observational study including consecutive adult patients with dyslipidemia who were followed for ≥3 years at the outpatient Lipid Clinic of our University General Hospital. We recorded CVD incidence and compared it with ATTICA study, an epidemiological prospective cohort assessing the 10-year cardiovascular risk in a representative sample of the general population in Greece. Factors that were significantly associated with incident CVD were additionally identified. Results A total of 1,334 individuals were included and followed-up for 6 (4–10) years. Lipid-lowering treatment was overall prescribed to 94% of study participants, while 70% were on antihypertensive and 20% on glucose-lowering therapy. During follow-up, 95 subjects (7%) developed CVD events. Despite higher baseline cardiovascular risk, CVD incidence rate in this study was lower compared with ATTICA (10.4 vs 15.7/1,000 person-years, respectively). Diabetes (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.18–3.70, p<0.001), established CVD at baseline (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.21–3.43, p<0.001), smoking (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.17–2.84, p<0.001) and age (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.4–1.9, p<0.001) were independently associated with incident CVD. Conclusions CVD incidence rate of high-risk dyslipidemic patients receiving multifactorial treatment was lower compared with general population. Diabetes, smoking, age, and baseline CVD remain the residual CVD risk factors in dyslipidemic patients receiving prevention therapy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.