Abstract
ABSTRACT: Herbicides with high persistence in soil can cause problems for crops sown in succession to their application. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate, in greenhouse conditions, the safe period of time after application of preemergent herbicides used on cotton crops (isolated or in mixtures) for the crops grown in succession (bean, corn, and soybean). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 x 11) + 1, with five repetitions. For each experiment, treatments combined different time periods between herbicide application and sowing of crops (280, 210, 140, 70, and 0 days before sowing of crops) with eleven herbicide treatments: fomesafen (625 g ha-1) prometryne (1250 g ha-1), diuron (1250 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (768 g ha-1), clomazone (1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + prometryne (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + diuron (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + S-metolachlor (625 + 768 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone (625 + 1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone + diuron (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), and fomesafen + clomazone + prometryne (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), plus an untreated control. Applications of diuron showed the greatest persistence, causing the largest carryover effects for the three crops evaluated. The other treatments showed residual effects or affected crop development when sowings were performed up to 70 days after application. At later periods no significant damage was observed.
Highlights
Brazil is one of the largest producers of beans, corn, and soybeans, currently occupying first, third, and second position respectively for production of these crops worldwide
As for soybeans, the country produced 94,280.5 tons from 31,504.2 hectares in the last growing season (CONAB, 2015). These three crops are prominent in the Brazilian Savannah, especially corn and soybeans
The aim of this study is to estimate the period of time after preemergence applications of fomesafen after which beans, corn, and soybeans can be safely sown without causing phytointoxication of these crops
Summary
Brazil is one of the largest producers of beans, corn, and soybeans, currently occupying first, third, and second position respectively for production of these crops worldwide. During the 2014/2015 growing season, the country cultivated about 3,173.9 hectares of beans, producing approximately 3,339.8 tons. 15,165.9 hectares were grown with a total production of 78,985.2 tons. As for soybeans, the country produced 94,280.5 tons from 31,504.2 hectares in the last growing season (CONAB, 2015). These three crops are prominent in the Brazilian Savannah, especially corn and soybeans. The Savannah region produces cotton and it is common to observe beans, corn, and soybeans succeeding the cultivation of cotton
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