Abstract
Thirty plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners in Toronto participated in the 15-month ChargeTO program, which actively curtailed their vehicles during charging. The intent was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the smart-charging system and evaluate its limitations, quantify the real-world curtailment availability of the PEVs, and to capture the participant’s impressions and response to various incentive structures. A key feature of this program was the use of vehicle-side data, namely battery state-of-charge (SOC), to ensure that charge curtailments did not negatively affect the participants. This paper summarizes the findings from the ChargeTO program.
Highlights
The number of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on the roads worldwide surpassed 1 million in September 2015 [1], and analysts are forecasting 100 million PEVs on the road worldwide by 2030 [2]
The benefits of smartcharging are well understood, and include: increasing grid reliability, lowering generation costs and carbon intensity, lowering upgrade costs for grid infrastructure, and coupling PEV charging loads with generation from renewables. Despite these potential financial and environmental benefits, smart-charging has not yet been deployed at any significant scale using a variety of vehicle types. This lack of progress is due to the following factors: (i) PEV drivers have indicated they prefer to enroll in smart-charging programs that protect them from charge curtailment at low battery charge [6], which requires vehicle-side data including battery state-of-charge (SOC), and (ii) the availability of the required vehicle-side data has not been standardized for production PEVs for use in a smart-charging programs
The minimum load is the sum of i) the charging power of vehicles that must be continuously charging at full power in order to be fully charged by Time Charge Is Needed (TCIN), and ii) the charging power of any vehicles that are currently opted-out due to the PEV owner pressing the 24Hr Opt-Out button
Summary
The number of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on the roads worldwide surpassed 1 million in September 2015 [1], and analysts are forecasting 100 million PEVs on the road worldwide by 2030 [2]. The benefits of smartcharging are well understood, and include: increasing grid reliability, lowering generation costs and carbon intensity, lowering upgrade costs for grid infrastructure, and coupling PEV charging loads with generation from renewables. Despite these potential financial and environmental benefits, smart-charging has not yet been deployed at any significant scale using a variety of vehicle types. In advance of vehicles complying with those standards there is a need to deploy smart-charging systems to resolve real-world deployment issues, enable program development, and to understand the potential acceptance of PEV owners to these programs
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