Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of residential price as well as the degree co-movement of housing among different states in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted an advanced econometrics technique: the dynamic autoregressive-distributed lag (DARDL) and – the time-frequency domain approach known as the wavelet coherence test. The DARDL model was applied to identify the cointegrating relationships and the CWT was used to analyze the co-movement and lead–lag relationships among four states’ regional housing prices. The extracted data were mainly on annual basis and comprised macroeconomics and financial factors. Information with regard to residential prices and other variables was extracted from the National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) website, the Central Bank of Malaysia Statistics Report, the Department of Statistics, Malaysia, I-Property.com and the World Bank (WB). The data covered in this study were the pool data from four main states in Malaysia and different categories of residential properties.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that there were long-run cointegration relationships between the housing price and capital gain and loss, rental per square feet, disposable income, inflation, number of marriages, deposit rate, risk premium and loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. While the wavelet analysis shows that (1) in the long run, Kuala Lumpur housing price having strong co-movement with Selangor, Penang and Melaka housing prices except for Johor and (2) the lead–lag relationship also postulates Kuala Lumpur housing price having in-phase category with Selangor, Penang and Melaka housing prices except for Johor.Practical implicationsThis study offers relevant practical implications. First, the study proposes an active collaboration between the private sector and government support which may help to smooth the pricing issue of residential properties. More low-cost residential projects are needed for focus groups including middle- and low-income earners. Furthermore, the results are expected to provide real estate investor in Malaysia, an improved understanding of the regional housing market price dynamics.Originality/valueThe findings of this study were obtained from various reliable sources; therefore, the results reflected the analysis of price drivers and co-movements. Furthermore, findings from this study lend some support to the argument on the rise of residential prices and offer several policy implications from a practical point of view with regard to the residential market.
Highlights
The Occupational Pension Schemes (Scheme Administration) Regulations 1996 (“the Administration Regulations”) require the Trustees to prepare an annual statement regarding governance, which should be included in the annual report
The Corporate Trustee are responsible for investment governance, this includes the Corporate Trustee reviewing the default arrangement remains in the best interests of the members
When the Scheme was originally established the Corporate Trustee took professional advice and selected a pension scheme where the With-Profits Fund was the only available investment fund option available to members. This was originally with Friends Life, who were acquired by Aviva Life & Pensions UK Limited (Aviva) in 2015, all policies, assets and liabilities of Friends Life were transferred and completed by 1 October 2017
Summary
The Occupational Pension Schemes (Scheme Administration) Regulations 1996 (“the Administration Regulations”) require the Trustees to prepare an annual statement regarding governance, which should be included in the annual report. When the Scheme was originally established the Corporate Trustee took professional advice and selected a pension scheme where the With-Profits Fund was the only available investment fund option available to members. The Corporate Trustee monitors the level of charges borne by members through the Conventional With-Profits Fund. When assessing the charges and transaction costs which are payable by members, the Corporate Trustee is required to consider the extent to which the investment options and the benefits offered by the Scheme represent good Value for Members. - The Conventional With-Profits Fund differs from a unit linked policy in that it is not totally reliant on the current value of the underlying assets This type of fund offers an underlying guarantee that provides a cushion against falling investment markets in certain circumstances. The Corporate Trustee will be reviewing the membership profile as part of the Scheme Review to ensure that this fund continues to be suitable for the membership
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