Residential environment and quality of life among seriously mentally ill residents of board and care homes.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between residential environment of seriously mentally ill patients living in board and care homes and quality of life. Participants included 162 seriously mentally ill veteran patients living in 26 board and care homes in Los Angeles. Data from structured interviews were used to assess subjective quality of life (satisfaction with living situation and general well-being) and objective quality of life (social functioning and daily activities). Independent variables examined in multivariate analyses included individual socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, objective characteristics of the home, and subjective resident assessments of social climate within the home. Adjusting for individual characteristics, social climate was significantly and positively associated with both satisfaction with current living situation and with general well-being. Interpersonal conflict was negatively associated with general well-being. Number of beds within the home and median income in the neighborhood were significantly associated (positively and negatively, respectively) with social functioning outside the home. Living environment characteristics explained between 3 and 9% of the total variation in three of four quality of life measures, and 27% of the variation in the fourth, satisfaction with living situation. Satisfaction with living situation among seriously mentally ill residents of board and care homes may be enhanced by making the social climate more positive, and reducing conflict within the home. Social functioning outside of the home may be enhanced by placing patients into a home with more beds, and/or a home located in a lower income neighborhood.