Abstract
Abstract. Photogrammetric analysis requires camera metadata (position, attitude, interior orientation, etc.), which is not available for all images. Modern commercial solutions for 3D reconstruction from images typically assume large amounts of purposefully-collected, highly-overlapping imagery. In this article, a system is demonstrated for recovering a 3D scene from images of unknown origin, by marking ground space axes, resecting a camera consistent with the markings, and then using the solved camera to collect 3D measurements. The capability works with close-range (vanishing points) and long-range (parallel axes) imagery. Monte Carlo analysis is used to propagate measurement uncertainty of the vanishing lines to uncertainty of exterior and interior camera parameters, which can then be used to quantify uncertainty of measurements in the 3D scene.
Highlights
Given information about the state of a camera at the moment of image collection, 2D photographs can be used for 3D reconstruction, through the application of standard techniques of projective geometry (Hartley, Zisserman, 2003). 3D reconstruction of a bank from security footage could support forensic estimation of the height of the suspects, or the length of their weapons
Synthetic images are generated of a 1m cube, and camera parameters are varied to understand their effect on the accuracy of the resection process
The technique generalizes to various close-range cases, in which ground-parallel lines converge to vanishing points in image space, and longrange cases, in which ground-parallel lines are parallel in image space
Summary
Given information about the state of a camera (position, attitude, optical characteristics) at the moment of image collection, 2D photographs can be used for 3D reconstruction, through the application of standard techniques of projective geometry (Hartley, Zisserman, 2003). 3D reconstruction of a bank from security footage could support forensic estimation of the height of the suspects, or the length of their weapons. Image prints were blown up and covered with table-size sheets of acetate, and the techniques detailed in (Williamson, Brill, 1990) were applied by carving classical straightedge/compass geometric constructions (vanishing lines, vanishing points, perpendicular lines, circular arcs, etc.) into the acetate with a sharp stylus. Camera parameters such as principal point, focal length, attitude angles, and camera position can be extracted from certain points, lines, and angles in the construction. A known horizontal width of a window could be used to estimate the heights of various persons standing in a room
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