Abstract
Surgical complete resection (R0) of the primary tumor is the only potential curative treatment option for many tumor entities. Despite surgical resection, patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have poor prognosis, because of frequent tumor recurrence and outgrowth of metastases after surgery. Unfortunately, the current animal tumor models do not reflect the aspect of resectability, though surgery and adjuvant therapy is still the most important and potentially curative therapeutic intervention for cancer patients.
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