RESEARCHES ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MEASURES OF INCREASING ONION PRODUCTION

Abstract

Onion is one of the most advantageous vegetable species which is cultivated in Romania on large areas, both for its great crops and because it is a culture that can be totally mechanized. At present, referring to the cultivated areas, it is situated on the first place outrunning tomatoes and cabbages which have been placed on the first two places up now. The most important researches refers to the assortment study, nutritious study and to the water study on the phonological phases, the determining of density optimum nutritious space, weed control pathogenic agents and pest control, the complete work mechanization. The paper presents the results of the researches which have carried out the crop results of over 80 t/ha of the best quality. The most performant cultivars have been established by studying both the foreign and native assortment. These cultivars have high productions, with different vegetation periods, some with great resistance to the low temperatures during the winter time. The most performant hybrids have been proved to be: Daytona F1, Vaquero F1, Manas F1, Pandero F1, Sedona F1, Cortland F1, Musica F1, Exacta F1, Leone, Swift, Radar, Briliant, Delicioasa, Diamant. At the same time there have been stated the schemata for culture setting up, for the optimum density in accordance with the cultivar, nutritious and unnecessary water. The greatest products have been obtained at the densities between 800 million plants/ha and 900 million plants/ha; a fertilizer consumption of over 1000 kg/ha, water consumption related to the culture density. Studies concerning the reducing the manual works and the entirely mechanized works have lead to the expense reduction and the benefit rising. The obtained production of over 80 t/ha have assured an income of over 40.000 RON. The expenses on a hectar onion have been at an average 15.000 RON. The benefit of 25.000 RON/ha convinced the farmers to increase the cultivated areas with onions – proved to be one of the most profitable vegetable species.