Abstract
The renewal of historic gardens, landscapes, and sites has grown to be a current issue in Central and Eastern Europe. Based on scientific research, the Department of Garden Art of the Szent István University, Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism has been dealing with landscape renewal since 1963 on regional, settlement, and garden scales, too. More than 50 years of experience has already proved the advantage of such a research-based design approach in garden and landscape renewal processes, Landscape Architecture has developed from a very practical basis. The purpose of this paper is to show the most significant conclusions of our historic garden research of castle gardens from the Carpathian Basin, focusing on the importance of visual connections designed initially on the sites. Using case studies, the paper intends to explore how proper landscape design in historic environments is achieved. The historical value cannot be simplified or understood as the notion of “old”, the heritage being represented by the all-time valuable garden features and elements, independent from their formation in time. In addition to the historical authenticity of the actual use, the social needs and sustainability are important aspects, which must be integrated into heritage protection and reclamation.
Highlights
Rediscovering the scenic value of the landscape has Renaissance roots, and recognizing the aesthetic value of the landscape can be traced in the Renaissance landscape and garden descriptions.The Renaissance image of the world through the conscious observation of nature brings a new chapter in the relationship between man and his environment: he does observe the landscape and perceives its atmosphere and puts his experience of the landscape into words and pictures
Besides being aware of garden history, the expert needs a thorough knowledge of the current situation, a regard for the value that still exists, as well as detailed on-site research and survey in order situation, a regard for the value that still exists, as well as detailed on-site research and survey in to deal with garden renewal
In Hungary and especially in Transylvania, the current conditions of historic gardens and the scarce availability of historical sources on garden history in most of the cases do not allow for a full restoration of the original design
Summary
Rediscovering the scenic value of the landscape has Renaissance roots, and recognizing the aesthetic value of the landscape can be traced in the Renaissance landscape and garden descriptions.The Renaissance image of the world through the conscious observation of nature brings a new chapter in the relationship between man and his environment: he does observe the landscape and perceives its atmosphere and puts his experience of the landscape into words and pictures. Being part of the landscape, the garden belongs to the humanistic approach to life, as a real living space, and as an embodiment of beauty and harmony. The virtual expansion of the garden limits takes place: humanists consciously link the prospect of the landscape into the garden sight, and since this has become a consistently applied landscape composition tool—just as in the case of Baroque gardens and landscaped gardens [1,2,3,4]. The “picturesque” evokes the ideals of the early Enlightenment, a symbolically perceived part of the world. In this period, conscious artistic space organisation resulted in a number of spatial compositions using less functional than picturesque artificial elements (sculptures, buildings, decorations, etc.) in
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