Abstract
We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters. The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects, then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments. We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects, which were analyzed in detail. We found that polyethylene and pellets (or powders) were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments. The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges (0.1–1 mm) at test concentrations of 0.1%–10% based on soil dry weight. Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes, respectively. We adopted a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and soil property effect distribution (SPED) method using available data from soil biota, and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management. The predicted-no-effect-concentration (PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95% of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg−1. This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system. Our results should be regularly updated (e.g., quarterly) with additional data as they become available.
Highlights
The wide-spread use of plastic polymers has resulted in vast amounts of plastic litter being discarded or released into the environment (Andrady, 2011; Lambert and Wagner, 2018)
We adopted a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and soil property effect distribution (SPED) method using available data from soil biota, and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management
Liu et al (2017) reported that the addition of microplastics led to increased dissolved carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil
Summary
The wide-spread use of plastic polymers has resulted in vast amounts of plastic litter being discarded or released into the environment (Andrady, 2011; Lambert and Wagner, 2018). These plastic polymers have slowly fragmented into smaller particles ( < 5 mm), termed “microplastic” (Thompson et al, 2004; Law and Thompson, 2014). There is initial evidence of composition-, size-, and shape-dependent effects of microplastic (de Souza Machado et al, 2018; Wan et al, 2019), and various soil parameters show different sensitivity to microplastic exposure. Bucci et al (2019) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on microplastic effects, and determined the weight of evidence that various effects are dependent upon the size and concentration of the microplastic
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