Research status on mechanism of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on ovarian cancer

Abstract

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) are two major ways of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. MG132 (Z-Leu-Leu-CHO) is a reversible peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitor, which can enter into cells and reversibly inhibiting proteasome activities, thus inhibiting protein degradation mediated by UPP, affecting the course of cell cycle and inducing apoptosis of cells. Autophagic cell death is a type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis. Autophagy is a process of physiological cell death by using the lysosomes to degrade their own damaged macromolecules and organelles. Ovarian cancer is one of the three malignant tumors of female reproductive system. The 5-year survival rate of advanced ovarian cancer is about 47%, which is the highest mortality rate in gynecologic malignancies. It has been reported that MG132 can promote apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expression of apoptotic protein, but it is rare to report whether it can promote cell death of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expression of apoptotic and autophagic protein. This review demonstrates the latest research status of mechanism of MG132 on ovarian cancer in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of ovarian cancer by MG132. Key words: Ovarian neoplasms; Protease inhibitors; MG132; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; Autophagy-lysosome pathway; Female