Abstract
Diabetes and the often accompanying cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy represent a complex disease, that is reluctant to reveal the molecular mechanisms and underlying cellular responses. Current research projects on diabetic cardiomyopathy are predominantly based on animal models, in which there are not only obvious advantages, such as genetics that can be traced over generations and the directly measurable influence of dietary types, but also not despisable disadvantages. Thus, many studies are built up on transgenic rodent models, which are partly comparable to symptoms in humans due to their genetic alterations, but on the other hand are also under discussion regarding their clinical relevance in the translation of biomedical therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, a focus on transgenic rodent models ignores spontaneously occurring diabetes in larger mammals (such as dogs or pigs), which represent with their anatomical similarity to humans regarding their cardiovascular situation appealing models for testing translational approaches. With this in mind, we aim to shed light on the currently most popular animal models for diabetic cardiomyopathy and, by weighing the advantages and disadvantages, provide decision support for future animal experimental work in the field, hence advancing the biomedical translation of promising approaches into clinical application.
Highlights
In the last decades, diabetes mellitus has advanced to become a common disease, with four main types being distinguished since 1998
Only one thing can be said about the choice of the most suitable animal model: There is no such thing like an ideal model for the illustration of human disease patterns
Questions about reproducibility and applicable methods, safe handling of the species according to the guidelines of the 3R, specialization in personnel and technology should be given equal importance to scientific questions
Summary
Diabetes mellitus has advanced to become a common disease, with four main types being distinguished since 1998. The appearance of DC is very complex and involves a wide variety of factors These factors include, on the one hand, diabetic effects on the cardiomyocytes themselves, which show oxidative stress and hypertrophic signs in addition to metabolic changes. Obesity often sets in motion a spiral of pre-diabetic symptoms that progress from metabolic syndrome associated with hypertension and often creeping development of insulin resistance to serious cardiac disease. This comes into effect with regard to cardiac arrhythmia, such as atrial fribrillation [9].
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