Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salt polymers, a kind of polyelectrolyte with a quaternary ammonium group, are widely used in traditional and emerging industries due to their good water-solubility, adjustable cationicity and molecular weight, high efficiency and nontoxicity. In this paper, firstly, the properties and several synthesis methods of typical quaternary ammonium salt monomers were introduced. Secondly, the research progress on the synthesis of polymers was summarized from the perspective of obtaining products with high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and high monomer conversion, and special functional polymers. Thirdly, the relationships between the structures and properties of the polymer were analyzed from the perspectives of molecular weight, charge density, structural stability, and microstructural regulation of the polymer chain unit. Fourthly, typical examples of quaternary ammonium salt polymers in the application fields of water treatment, daily chemicals, petroleum exploitation, papermaking, and textile printing and dyeing were listed. Finally, constructive suggestions were put forward on developing quaternary ammonium salt polymers with high molecular weights, strengthening the research on the relationships between the structures and their properties and pinpointing relevant application fields.
Highlights
Water-soluble polymers are a kind of strong hydrophilic macromolecule that can dissolve or swell in water to form aqueous solutions or dispensing systems
In 2019, based on the processing characters used by Tang Li in the homopolymerization process [48], our group established a new synthetic method for P(DMC-AM) to obtain products with serialized cationicities of 10~90% and corresponding high molecular weights of 18~14 dL/g [19], which were the highest intrinsic viscosity values reported for these products with the same cationicity
The results showed that in the same salt solution concentration, such as NaCl, when the cationicity of the polymer with the same intrinsic viscosity increased from 10% to 90%, the apparent viscosities at the stabilization after the first reductions increased from 7.86 cP to 8.16 cP
Summary
Water-soluble polymers are a kind of strong hydrophilic macromolecule that can dissolve or swell in water to form aqueous solutions or dispensing systems. Cationic polymers can usually be formed by homopolymerization, copolymerization with other monomers or modification of other typical function groups based on their monomers [6,7] Because of their characteristics, including their positive charge, good water solubility, easy control of molecular weight, high efficiency, and low toxicity, water-soluble polymers are widely used in traditional and emerging industries. These characteristics have led to quaternary ammonium salts becoming one of the most‐studied and widely used product types of cationic monomers. TThhee rreepprreesseennttaattive ssyynnthesis rroouutine ooff DDAACC ((oorr DDMMCC)) iiss sshhoowwnn iinn FFiigguurree 33. DtuoestyontthheesiuzseeDoMf aPMlaArgienaimneortuonrtgoanf ipcosioslovnenotusssuocrhgaans itcolsuoelnvee.nLt,intehaerrefawt heyrderocarbons obvious shortcomwinergesuisnedentvoirreomnmoveentthael pmreottheacntoiolnbyanudsinsagftehtey.zeotropic nature of the organic solvent and methanol With this method, the yield of DMPMA could reach more than 95%. Hereer,e,ththeesscchheemmaattiiccddiaigargarmamofocfatcioantiiocnmiconmomonerosm, tehresir, pthoelyirmerization polymerization pprorocceesssseess aannddppoolylymmeer rpprordoudcutsctiss sishoswhonwinnFiinguFrieg5u.re 5
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