Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological tumor worldwide. Persistent infection of high-risk HPV-induced smouldering inflammation is considered to be an important risk factor for cervical cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progress of the tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis of cervical cancer. Macrophages are the main contributor to the TME, which is called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). During the inflammatory response, the phenotype and function of TAMs are constantly changing, which are involved in different regulatory networks. The phenotype of TAMs is related to the metabolism and secretory factors release, which facilitate the angiogenesis and lymphatic duct formation during cervical cancer metastasis, thus affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer. This review intends to discuss the recent research progress on the relationship between TAMs and cervical cancer, which is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of TAMs in cervical cancer.
Highlights
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common malignant disease among women in the world, the incidence of CC is increasing year by year, and the age of onset tends to be younger [1]
Recent studies have shown that smouldering inflammatory response and oxidative stress caused by persistent HPV infection play an important role in the process leading to cervical cancer, and HPV-induced epigenetic changes play an important role [4, 5]
A large number of factors are produced around tumor cells, such as CSF-1, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-1, and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), as well as various enzymes. e integrated system of these cells, factors, and enzymes constitutes the microenvironment of tumor tissue [13]
Summary
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common malignant disease among women in the world, the incidence of CC is increasing year by year, and the age of onset tends to be younger [1]. Recent studies have shown that smouldering inflammatory response and oxidative stress caused by persistent HPV infection play an important role in the process leading to cervical cancer, and HPV-induced epigenetic changes play an important role [4, 5]. Macrophages that play the most important role in the tumor microenvironment were called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), accounting for 30% to 50% of the TME cells. TAMs in the tumor microenvironment are closely related to BioMed Research International tumor development and participate in biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, migration and intravascular perfusion, and inhibition of antitumor immune response, to promote the progress to the malignant tumor [10, 11]. Is review systematically collects the research on the relationship between tumor-related macrophages in cervical cancer published in recent years, in order to understand the relationship between tumor-related macrophages and the occurrence and development of cervical cancer and in order to contribute to the more effective prevention and treatment of cervical cancer
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