Abstract
Perchlorotrityl radical (PTM), tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (TTM), (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl) bis (2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (PyBTM), (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (CzBTM), and their derivatives are stable organic radicals that exhibit light emissions at room temperature. Since these triarylmethyl radicals have an unpaired electron, their electron spins at the lowest excited state and ground state are both doublets, and the transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state does not pose the problem of a spin-forbidden reaction. When used as OLED layers, these triarylmethyl radicals exhibit unique light-emitting properties, which can increase the theoretical upper limit of the OLED’s internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to 100%. In recent years, research on the luminescent properties of triarylmethyl radicals has attracted increasing attention. In this review, recent developments in these triarylmethyl radicals and their derivatives in OLED devices are introduced.
Highlights
Li, W.-Z.; Wang, X.-Q.; Wang, W.As important intermediates in chemical reactions [1–3] and human metabolism [4–6], organic radicals have attracted great attention in the research of chemical reaction mechanisms [7–9], polymerization [10,11], catalysis [12,13], and biochemistry [14,15]
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) triarylmethyl field, including perchlorotrityl work, we summarize progressininthe different radicals that have radicals been ap(PTM), (2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl) methyl radicals (TTM), (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl) bis plied intris the OLED
In the formula, ΦEQE represents the external quantum efficiency of an OLED device; ΦIQE represents the internal quantum efficiency of the device, which is the efficiency of injecting electrons to produce photons in the light-emitting layer; ηout represents the efficiency of the optical coupling-out of light; χ represents the exciton utilization rate, which is the light conversion rate of excitons in the light-emitting layer; ΦPL represents the absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the light-emitting layer in the solid film; ηr represents the recombination ratio of carriers in the OLED
Summary
As important intermediates in chemical reactions [1–3] and human metabolism [4–6], organic radicals have attracted great attention in the research of chemical reaction mechanisms [7–9], polymerization [10,11], catalysis [12,13], and biochemistry [14,15]. Due to their unique unpaired electron structure [16], stable organic radicals possess fascinating optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Molecules 2022, 27, 1632 quantum efficiency (IQE) to 100%, while traditional fluorescent materials were plagued by the poor utilization of triplet excitons This has made scientists’ research of organic radicals the field of of triplet. OLED triarylmethyl field, including perchlorotrityl work, we summarize progressininthe different radicals that have radicals been ap(PTM),. (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radicals (CzBTM), and their derivatives
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