Abstract
Polymer additives and surfactants as drag reduction agents have been widely used in the field of fluid drag reduction. Polymer additives can reduce drag effectively with only a small amount, but they degrade easily. Surfactants have an anti-degradation ability. This paper categorizes the mechanism of drag reducing agents and the influencing factors of drag reduction characteristics. The factors affecting the degradation of polymer additives and the anti-degradation properties of surfactants are discussed. A mixture of polymer additive and surfactant has the characteristics of high shear resistance, a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), and a good drag reduction effect at higher Reynolds numbers. Therefore, this paper focuses more on a drag reducing agent mixed with a polymer and a surfactant, including the mechanism model, drag reduction characteristics, and anti-degradation ability.
Highlights
At present, many countries in the world have laid pipe network systems to transport petroleum, natural gas, and water
The elastic layer expands with the increase in drag reducer concentration, and the drag reduction rate reaches a maximum value when it extends to the center of the tube axis
Quan [26] studied the relationship between the drag reduction rate of a polymer drag reducer to explain the causes of turbulence structure changes, it is necessary to focus on the microscale and the and the time when it was sheared in an organic solution
Summary
Many countries in the world have laid pipe network systems to transport petroleum, natural gas, and water. The additive method injects a polymer or surfactant into the pipeline to achieve drag reduction. This method was first proposed by Toms in 1949. Adding a drag reducing agent into the pipeline can reduce the pressure drop and the number of pump stations, thereby reducing construction costs This drag reduction technology was applied to the Alaskan oil pipeline project as early as 1982, and has achieved remarkable results. The drag reduction agent method has the advantages of a strong drag reduction effect and low investment costs It is widely used in oil and gas transportation, fire protection engineering [7], irrigation water, regional heat transfer or cooling [8], cardiovascular disease [9], and other fields. The model mechanism, drag reduction and anti-degradation characteristics of the mixed drag reducer are reviewed, and the prospects for development are given at the end of the paper
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