Research Progress on the Application of Biomass-Based Porous Carbon Materials in Lithium Battery Electrode

Abstract

With the growth of the world population, limited non-renewable energy sources, oil and coal mine are becoming increasingly exhausted. The long-term consumption of fossil energy not only causes an energy crisis, but also makes ecological and environmental problems more significant. Therefore, lithium batteries, as an energy storage tool, have been studied by a number of researchers due to their advantages such as high specific energy, little environmental pollution and long cycle life. For secondary batteries, the performance of electrode materials affects the development of batteries. Biomass-derived porous carbon materials have the advantages of cheap, easy-to-obtain from raw materials, large specific surface area, many pore structures, strong electrical conductivity, adjustable pore structure, and have been widely concerned in recent years and used as electrode materials for energy storage lithium batteries application. In the process of charging and discharging lithium batteries, porous carbon materials can provide more space for lithium ions to be embedded and removed from the electrode, improving the capacity and thus the efficiency of the battery. In this paper, the main preparation technology of biomass-derived carbon materials and the improvement technology of heteroatom doping are reviewed. The application effects of different activation methods on the porous carbon materials prepared by plant materials in the negative electrode of lithium battery are compared, and the performance of the materials in practical application is evaluated in the paper, which provides reference materials for the beginners of using biomass structure to prepare porous carbon materials.