Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting disease characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes and epidermal melanin. Vitiligo has a long treatment cycle and slow results, which is one of the most difficult challenges for skin diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role as an initiating and driving factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Antioxidant therapy has recently become a research hotspot in vitiligo treatment. A series of antioxidants has been discovered and applied to the treatment of vitiligo, which has returned satisfactory results. This article briefly reviews the relationship between oxidative stress and vitiligo. We also describe the progress of targeted antioxidant therapy in vitiligo, with the aim of providing a reference for new drug development and treatment options for this condition.
Highlights
Its incidence rate is 0.5%–2.0% [1], and it affects the appearance and readily causes mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression in patients [2]. It is often accompanied by various autoimmune diseases such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and alopecia areata; the disease is persistent and readily relapses, and treatment is difficult [3]
Oxidative stress refers to the excessive production of highly active molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body when the body is stimulated by various harmful factors and when the degree of oxidation exceeds the scavenging of oxides
The inhibition of nuclear factorE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) or heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression alleviates the protective effect of aspirin on melanocytes and other protective effects on H2O2induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis [49]. These results suggest that aspirin protects human melanocytes from H2O2induced oxidative stress through Nrf2-driven transcriptional activation of HO-1
Summary
Vitiligo is the most common skin depigmentation disease and is characterized by depigmentation of the skin or mucous membranes. Its incidence rate is 0.5%–2.0% [1], and it affects the appearance and readily causes mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression in patients [2]. It is often accompanied by various autoimmune diseases such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and alopecia areata; the disease is persistent and readily relapses, and treatment is difficult [3]. Some traditional antioxidants for the treatment of vitiligo include pseudocatalase, vitamin E, coenzyme Q α-lipoic acid, and zinc [10, 12, 13]. These antioxidants have certain curative effects, their effect is limited, targeting is not robust, and many treatment methods lack evidence-based data. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity or potentially under study, to provide a new direction for the treatment of vitiligo
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