Abstract
Xiaochaihu (XCH) is a classic Chinese medicine formula. XCH tablet, XCH granule, XCH capsule, and XCH effervescent tablet are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In this review, the formula and quality standards of XCH preparations at home and abroad were compared. The differences in manufacturing process of XCH preparations are discussed. The progress of research on the qualitative identification, quantitative detection and fingerprint chromatogram/specific chromatogram of XCH preparations was reviewed. The characteristic components of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine and Jujubae Fructus was rarely analyzed for XCH preparations. It is suggested that the specificity of drug quality detection methods should be improved. Considering drug safety and drug efficacy, it is suggested to set the upper and lower limits of the content of saikosaponins. The standards for heavy metals and other limited items for XCH preparations are also suggested to be set.
Highlights
Introduction to XCH FormulaXiaochaihu (XCH) formula, which was created by Zhang Zhongjing in the East HanDynasty, is capable of inducing sweat to dispel heat, channeling the liver, regulating the spleen, soothing the stomach [1], etc
The mechanism of XCH acting on the human body can be preliminarily explored by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, and animal experiments
The only quantitative determined index component for XCH preparations mentioned in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is baicalin, while the determination of baicalin, saikosaponin B2, and glycyrrhizic acid are required in Japan Pharmacopoeia
Summary
Dynasty, is capable of inducing sweat to dispel heat, channeling the liver, regulating the spleen, soothing the stomach [1], etc. According to the principle of JUN-CHEN-ZUO-SHI (emperor-minister-assistant-courier in English), in this formula, Bupleuri Radix is JUN, Scutellariae Radix is CHEN, Glycyrrhizae Radix is SHI, and the others are ZUO. The widest application of XCH, potential antipyretic mechanism includes the reduction of inflammation level, inhibition of endogenous pyrogen and COX-2 [11]. Some active ingredients of XCH including quercetin, baicalein, and hanbaicalein can significantly inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells [12]. Many novel applications have been reported, including the prevention and treatment of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus [13], syncytial virus, and adenovirus [14], as well as the inhibition of influenza A virus [15], etc. In the database of www.cnki.net, the number has grown annually and ranged from about 150 to nearly 400 works [16]
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