Research progress on mitochondrial replacement therapies

Abstract

Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is mainly used for eliminating transmission of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to offspring and improving the quality of oocytes of older women. MtDNA mutations are a relatively common cause of mitochondria disorders, there is currently no cure for these disorders. MRT is a process that the nuclear DNA is moved from oocyte or zygote with abnormal mtDNA then transferred into donor oocyte or zygote containing healthy mitochondria. MRT could prevent transmission of mtDNA disease to offspring. MRT can also increase mitochondrial function and energy supply in aged oocyte. It is suggested that mitochondrial transfers could have a positive impact on pregnancy outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in older women. In this paper, the research progress and controversies of mitochondrial replacement therapies were reviewed. Key words: Oocyte; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT); Assisted reproductive technology (ART)