Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha⁃2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an important member of the leucine-rich repetitive sequence protein family. LRG1 was mainly involved in normal physiological activities of the nervous system, such as synapse formation, synapse growth, the development of nerve processes, neurotransmitter transfer and release, and cell adhesion molecules or ligand-binding proteins. Also, LRG1 affected the development of respiratory diseases, hematological diseases, endocrine diseases, tumor diseases, eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. LRG1 was a newly discovered important upstream signaling molecule of transforming growth factor⁃β (TGF⁃β) that affected various pathological processes through the TGF⁃β signaling pathway. However, research on LRG1 and its involvement in the occurrence and development of diseases was still in its infancy and the current studies were mainly focused on proteomic detection and basic animal experimental reports. We could reasonably predict that LRG1 might act as a new direction and strategy for the treatment of many diseases.
Highlights
The incidence of refractory chronic diseases is increasing year by year, and this is always a challenging aspect of medical work
In basic research related to immunity diseases, interleukin-22 promoted the expression of ERK1/2-independent genes, such as Leucine-rich alpha⁃2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), which were involved in inducing cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells (Moniruzzaman et al, 2019)
Many proteins with leucine-rich repeat structures had been found in the nervous system, other systems, and body fluids, and research on their functions was still a hot research direction in the future
Summary
The incidence of refractory chronic diseases is increasing year by year, and this is always a challenging aspect of medical work. Basic research results suggested that LRG1 promoted the cellular proliferation and apoptosis by modulating runt-related transcription factor 1 expression in colorectal cancer (Zhou et al, 2017). Proteomic study of serum exosomes from patients with kawasaki disease coronary aneurysm identified four proteins, TN, RBP4, LRG1, and APOA4 as the specific biomarkers In basic research related to immunity diseases, interleukin-22 promoted the expression of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal regulated kinase)-independent genes, such as LRG1, which were involved in inducing cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells (Moniruzzaman et al, 2019). In the basic study of infectious diseases, LRG1 participated in FOS-like 1-regulated gene expression during lipopolysaccharide-induced human lung pulmonary endothelial cell angiogenesis (Nitkin et al, 2020). LRG1 stimulated neutrophil infiltration by regulating IL-6/Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) to facilitate the corneal fibrosis responses (Yu, Yang, et al, 2021)
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