Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by diastolic relaxation abnormalities in its initial stages and by clinical heart failure (HF) without dyslipidemia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease in its last stages. DCM contributes to the high mortality and morbidity rates observed in diabetic populations. Diabetes is a polygenic, heritable, and complex condition that is exacerbated by environmental factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetics directly or indirectly contribute to pathogenesis. While epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have been recognized as key players in the pathogenesis of DCM, some of their impacts remain not well understood. Furthering our understanding of the roles played by epigenetics in DCM will provide novel avenues for DCM therapeutics and prevention strategies.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, over 422 million people (∼6% of the global population) have been diagnosed with diabetes, a number that continues to increase each year (Sneha and Gangil, 2019)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a cardiovascular complication associated with diabetes, is a severe form of cardiac dysfunction caused by changes in the structure and contractility of the myocardium (Dong et al, 2017)
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications regulate gene expression in response to change in the cellular microenvironment. These processes play essential roles in heart failure (HF) (Egger et al, 2004; Mateo Leach et al, 2010), including HF that results from DCM. These epigenetic modifications can induce chronic disruptions in gene expression, recent studies have shown that complex interactions between genes and the environment may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of DCM and can be manipulated through diet, exercise, and drug interventions (Pepin and Wende, 2019)
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, over 422 million people (∼6% of the global population) have been diagnosed with diabetes, a number that continues to increase each year (Sneha and Gangil, 2019). Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications regulate gene expression in response to change in the cellular microenvironment. These epigenetic modifications can induce chronic disruptions in gene expression, recent studies have shown that complex interactions between genes and the environment may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of DCM and can be manipulated through diet, exercise, and drug interventions (Pepin and Wende, 2019).
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