Abstract
Increasing global cement and steel consumption means that a significant amount of greenhouse gases and metallurgical wastes are discharged every year. Using metallurgical waste as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) shows promise as a strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by reducing cement production. This strategy also contributes to the utilization and management of waste resources. Controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) are a type of backfill material consisting of industrial by-products that do not meet specification requirements. The preparation of CLSMs using metallurgical waste slag as the auxiliary cementing material instead of cement itself is a key feature of the sustainable development of the construction industry. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research progress on the use of metallurgical waste residues (including blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, and copper slag) as SCMs to partially replace cement, as well as the use of alkali-activated metallurgical waste residues as cementitious materials to completely replace cement for the production of CLSMs. The general background information, mechanical features, and properties of pozzolanic metallurgical slag are introduced, and the relationship and mechanism of metallurgical slag on the performance and mechanical properties of CLSMs are analyzed. The analysis and observations in this article offer a new resource for SCM development, describe a basis for using metallurgical waste slag as a cementitious material for CLSM preparation, and offer a strategy for reducing the environmental problems associated with the treatment of metallurgical waste.
Highlights
The reported metallurgical slag materials that can completely replace cement in Controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) mainly include: slag activated by alkaline chemical solutions, such as NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and sodium carbonate; alkaline by-product activated slag, such as phosphogypsum, waste lime, and cement kiln ash [83]; slag activated by alkaline substances in the regenerated aggregate; and high-calcium fly ash activated slag [129]
These results show that mixing red mud and pond ash to produce an artificial aggregate can improve the engineering performance of a pond-ash-based CLSM when bonded with non-cementing materials
Due to the low strength requirements of CLSMs, most relevant literature shows that a measure of low-quality metallurgical waste can be used as a cementing material or an aggregate in CLSM production
Summary
%based) based)of ofcommon commoncementitious cementitiousmaterials materials [4,5]. [4,5].
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have