Research Progress of Therapeutic Enzymes and Their Derivatives: Based on Herbal Medicinal Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Wei-Jian Ni,Wei-Dong Chen,Dai-Yin Peng,Ming Cai,Lan Han

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.626342

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) acts as one of the most common, agnogenic and chronic inflammatory-autoimmune disorder which is characterized by persistent synovitis, cartilage destruction, and joint deformities, leads to a wide range of disabilities, and increased mortality, thus imposing enormous burdens. Several drugs with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties such as celecoxib, diclofenac and methotrexate are being selected as conventional drugs in the allopathic system of medicine for the treatment of RA in clinic. However, there are some serious side effects more or less when using these drugs because of their short poor bioavailability and biological half-life for a long time. These shortcomings greatly promote the exploration and application of new low- or no-toxicity drugs for treating the RA. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies demonstrate that several herbs present certain anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities through different enzymes and their derivatives, which indicate that they are promising therapeutic strategies when targeting these mediators based on herbal medicinal products in RA research. This review article summarizes the roles of the main enzymes and their derivatives during the pathogenesis of RA, and clearly clarifies the explicit and potential targeted actions of herbal medicinal products that have anti-RA activity. Our review provides timely and critical reference for the scientific rationale use of herbal medicinal products, with the increasing basic research and clinical application of herbal medicinal products by patients with RA.

Highlights

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common agnogenic and chronic inflammatory-autoimmune disorder that major targets the synovium, joints, and cartilage, which causes irreversible joint damage, and causes severe extra-articular manifestations and complications (Fert-Bober et al, 2020)
We find that the in vitro researches are performed by those cultured defined cell types, including chondrocytes (Feng and Qiu, 2018), macrophages (McHugh, 2017; 2019), and fibroblasts (Croft et al, 2019), while the in vivo studies are based on multiple well-established experimental RA models, such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) (Kim et al, 2015; Li et al, 2017), adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) (Pan et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017), as well as streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis
While PG201 reduces the protein expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), it does not affect the mRNA expression level of cPLA2, which leads to the decreased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), declining the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) in supernatant and synovial tissues, eventually plays important anti-inflammation and anti-arthritic activity in LPS induced inflammatory cells (Raw264.7 cell) and RA rat model (Shin et al, 2003; Choi et al, 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common agnogenic and chronic inflammatory-autoimmune disorder that major targets the synovium, joints, and cartilage, which causes irreversible joint damage, and causes severe extra-articular manifestations and complications (Fert-Bober et al, 2020). While PG201 reduces the protein expression of cPLA2, it does not affect the mRNA expression level of cPLA2, which leads to the decreased production of PGE2, declining the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) in supernatant and synovial tissues, eventually plays important anti-inflammation and anti-arthritic activity in LPS induced inflammatory cells (Raw264.7 cell) and RA rat model (Shin et al, 2003; Choi et al, 2012).

Results

Conclusion