Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows can automatically control solar radiation according to the ambient temperature. Compared with photochromic and electrochromic smart windows, they have a stronger applicability and lower energy consumption, and have a wide range of application prospects in the field of building energy efficiency. At present, aiming at the challenge of the high transition temperature of thermochromic smart windows, a large amount of innovative research has been carried out via the principle that thermochromic materials can be driven to change their optical performance by photothermal or electrothermal effects at room temperature. Based on this, the research progress of photo- and electro-driven thermochromic smart windows is summarized from VO2-based composites, hydrogels and liquid crystals, and it is pointed out that there are two main development trends of photo-/electro-driven thermochromic smart windows. One is exploring the diversified combination methods of photothermal materials and thermochromic materials, and the other is developing low-cost large-area heating electrodes.
Highlights
Rapid increasing energy consumption leads to an energy shortage, accompanied by environmental pollution
Many experts and scholars have combined photothermal or electric heating control to assist in driving the thermochromic smart window to achieve the transformation of optical performance at room temperature, further enhancing the applicability of the thermochromic smart windows
The results showed that the PNIPAm/antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) film with 10% Sb doping had the best response speed and solar modulation ability [26,27] (Figure 3c)
Summary
Rapid increasing energy consumption leads to an energy shortage, accompanied by environmental pollution. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3335 changes in its electrical, optical and magnetic properties This transition is due to a structural change from a monoclinic semiconductor phase to a metallic tetragonal rutile structure when the sample temperature is above 68 ◦ C. The visible light transmittance of hydrogels at a high temperature is low, so it is necessary to adjust its thickness and design a suitable glass panel to increase the transparency of hydrogels before it can be used in the field of smart windows [15].
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