Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability world-widely. The incidence rate of stroke has been increasing due to the aging population and lifestyle changes. At present, the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), but its clinical application is greatly limited because of its narrow time window and bleeding risk. Natural products have a long history of being used in traditional medicine with good safety, making them an important resource for the development of new drugs. Indeed, some natural products can target a variety of pathophysiological processes related to stroke, including oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, safe and cheap active substances from natural products is of great significance for improving the treatment alternatives of patients with stroke. This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of 33 natural compounds by searching recent related literature. Among them, puerarin, pinocembrin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol have great potential in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. This review will provide a powerful reference for screening natural compounds with potential clinical application value in ischemic stroke or synthesizing new neuroprotective agents with natural compounds as lead compounds.
Highlights
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world, often occurring in elderly patients [1]
The pathogenesis of stroke is complex, and it involves the regulation of a variety of genes and signaling pathways, which lead to brain damage and dysfunction
Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, being often multi-targeted, regulating multiple pathways, and displaying potential advantages in the treatment of stroke
Summary
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world, often occurring in elderly patients [1]. IS accounts for 80% of all cases of stroke and is caused by a blood clot in a cerebral artery. The two therapeutic strategies for stroke are reperfusion and neuroprotection [6]. Reperfusion includes mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy. Due to this short time window of reperfusion therapy, most patients do not receive effective treatment in time. Thrombolytic therapy has the risk of reperfusion injury and bleeding, with poor long-term efficacy [7, 8]. The development of neuroprotective drugs mainly includes calcium channel antagonists, free radical scavengers, glutamate antagonists and cell membrane stabilizers, all of which are currently in the experimental stage [9]. The characterization of novel drugs that protect against ischemic and neuronal damage is an important task at present
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