Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is one of the common complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). And its clinical features are hematuria, accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, urine pain and other bladder irritation symptoms. Early onset hemorrhagic cystitis (EOHC) mainly results from uroepithelial injury induced by irradiation/chemotherapy during conditioning regimen particularly high-dose cyclophosphamide. With the use of mesna, the incidence decreased significantly. Late onset hemorrhagic cystitis (LOHC) is usually associated with viral infection and immune dysfunction, but the treatment of LOHC remains a challenge. As the HSCT is extensively used, the researches on diagnosis and treatment of HC are increasing. This article reviews literatures on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of HC. Key words: Cystitis; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Etiology
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