Research progress of height improvement in central precocious puberty

Abstract

Central precocious puberty(CPP)is a disease that results from the premature activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis(before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys). The CPP children show abnormally early appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.Genetic factors, ethnicity, environmenal factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of CPP.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues(GnRHa)are the most common drugs for CPP.The factors of GnRHa treatment on height improvement include the age of puberty onset and the age of treatment initiation.The CPP girls diagnosed and treated before the age of 6 have the best effect, so CPP children need early treatment.Adequate treatment duration is an important factor to ensure height improvement, at least 2 years.The CPP children that are younger according to the bone age have more favorable outcomes of height improvement.By delaying epiphyseal closure, aromatase inhibitors can improve the height of CPP boys.KISS1、KISS1R 、MKRN3 and other genes are related to CPP , early identification of CPP genes can play a guiding role in early intervention.For the CPP girls treated with GnRHa, when the growth rate is less than 4cm/year, recombinant human growth hormone can effectively improve adult height.Appropriate aerobic exercise can also improve height.This article reviews the factors and strategies of height improvement in central precocious puberty. Key words: Central precocious puberty; Height improvement