Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high incidence and poses a serious threat to human health. However, the treatment outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer are still unsatisfactory, especially for high grade lesions. As a new cancer treatment, heavy ion radiotherapy has shown promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. This article discusses the clinical progress of heavy ion radiotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer mainly from the different cancer stages, the different doses of heavy ion beams, and the patient’s individual factors, and explores the deficiency of heavy ion radiotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer and the directions of future research, in order to provide reference for the wider and better application of heavy ion radiotherapy in the future.
Highlights
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high incidence and poses a serious threat to human health
Taking carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) as an example, this paper will review the biological effects of heavy ions, the clinical progress of heavy ions in the treatment of NSCLC, and future research directions to provide a reference for the application of heavy ions in the treatment of NSCLC
Nakajima et al investigated the involvement of the DNA damage signaling factors ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), RING finger protein 8 (RNF8), and RNF168 in cells after high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion irradiation; the results suggest that inhibition of RNF8 activity or its downstream pathway may enhance the efficacy of CIRT [23]
Summary
Lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor originating from the bronchial mucosa or glands. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, there were more than 2.2 million new cases of lung cancer in 2020, accounting for 11.4% of all newly diagnosed cancers, ranking second, and the mortality rate was 18%, ranking first, and it is still increasing year by year [1]. In China, the incidence of lung cancer is 35.13/100,000, and the mortality is 28.57/100,000, ranking first among all cancers. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer remain low in the age group under 40 years old, but the incidence and mortality of lung cancer rise sharply and reach a peak in the age group from 80 to 84 years old [3]. Air pollution, smoking, other bad living habits, as well as genetic factors, are the main causes of lung cancer.
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