Abstract
Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) indicates a special electroencephalographic pattern showing sleep-induced continuous paroxysmal discharges of spike-wave complexes.ESES can be seen in a series of epileptic syndromes in children characterized by seizures, ESES and cognitive impairment, including epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep, Landau Kleffner syndrome, typical and atypical benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes.Though the mechanism generating ESES remains elusive, great advances in several aspects, such as genetic studies (GRIN2A, copy number variations, ect.), high-frequency oscillations and brain networks have been achieved.Treatment for ESES related disorders should focus on both epileptic seizures and ESES, and the introduction of appropriate antiepileptic drugs or other strategies like hormone therapy should be considered to furthest eliminate epileptic seizures and protect cognitive function. Key words: Electrical status epilepticus during sleep; Gene; High frequency oscillations; Brain networks
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