Research progress of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in construction of cancer models

Abstract

Gene editing broadly refers to a range of scientific techniques that can override a cells intrinsic genetic code. Gene editing may, for instance, have a crucial therapeutic role in altering the expression of genes that can contribute to the development of cancer by modulating oncogenic signaling pathways. Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases around the globe. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, curative therapies have been challenging to identify. Numerous therapeutic methods have already been found and developed, such as small molecule inhibitors and gene therapies, but novel therapeutic strategies, in the form of gene editing, are required to be explored. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, combined with advancing computer and imaging capabilities has made it possible to accurately diagnose diseases, predict disease susceptibility based on individual genome, and even to modify genetic information. It has important application value in gene function research, tumor mouse model construction and cancer therapy because of its high efficiency and precision. The discovery and advancement of CRISPR-Cas9 may shed light on the future direction for cancer treatment and present a solution for curing cancer. In this review, the mechanisms of action of CRISPR-Cas9 and its delivery into cells will be explored. Both in vitro and in vivo cancer models created by CRISPR-Cas9 will be discussed and the advantages and limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 system will be examined.