Research Progress of Cancer Vaccine

Abstract

Cancer has now become the major cause of pre-mature death around the world. In the past decades, research on tumor immunotherapy has advanced significantly, with numerous studies being evaluated in the clinical setting. The cancer vaccine is regarded as an advantageous approach in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Preventive cancer vaccines can be injected in advance to reduce the risk of having cancer, while therapeutic vaccines can be used to trigger immunoresponse after having cancer. For example, recent studies have found that vaccination with one or more doses of the HPV vaccine produces more than 90 percent effective protection. In the meantime, the best and safest way to prevent hepatitis B is to get the hepatitis B vaccine. This paper introduces the mechanisms of both two types of cancer vaccines, and focuses on the explanation of the two cancer vaccine therapies. As a systematic review, it also highlights their current states and possible future improvements.