Research progress in the diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma

Abstract

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), the most prevalent intraocular lymphoma, is a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that often clinically mimics uveitis. It is a rare intraocular malignancy characterized by a dismal prognosis. The gold standard for PVRL diagnosis remains cytopathological examination. Additionally, auxiliary tests, such as clonal detection of tumor cells and cytokine analysis, have been employed. Moreover, recent years have witnessed the gradual development of novel molecular biomarkers and detection techniques. To optimize diagnostic strategies for PVRL patients, a comprehensive approach that integrates clinical manifestations, cytological examination, immunological assessment, and molecular biology analysis is indispensable. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.