Research progress in non-precious metal oxide/compound-based electrodes for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor applications

Abstract

The detection of glucose concentration has numerous applications in a verity of fields, for instance human health and illness diagnostics, pharmaceutical manufacturing, food industry, biological process monitoring as well as environmental monitoring. The utilization of sensors for glucose concentration detection is the most prioritized method of detection. Furthermore, sensor-based detection has many advantages such as low detection cost, high sensitivity, wide linear range, easy instrument manufacturing, and miniaturization. The advantages of enzyme-based glucose sensors include excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and quick reaction times. However, their primary disadvantage is low stability, which arises from the vulnerability of biological enzymes to environmental factors. Non-enzymatic electrode materials have garnered a lot of attention in research lately for glucose sensor development within electrochemical biosensor studies. This review commences by analyzing the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism of glucose, followed by a discussion on noble metal electrode materials and non-precious transition metal electrode materials, including compounds based on nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, copper, as well as the spinel structure bimetallic oxide electrode materials. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor applications are also addressed.