Research progress in mechanisms for drug-resistance and recurrence in bladder cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system, and its drug-resistant recurrence has become a major problem in clinical treatment. At present, there is still a lack of molecular markers for effectively predicting bladder cancer resistance. The mechanisms for drug resistance in bladder cancer is very complicated. The common mechanisms of drug resistance include epigenetic modification, abnormal expression level, abnormal regulation of non-coding RNA, production of bladder cancer stem cells, increase of drug efflux and autophagy. The various drug resistance mechanisms of bladder cancer are not independent, but there is a certain relationship between them, which leads to the occurrence of drug resistance. Further study on the mechanisms for bladder cancer resistance is of great importance to overcome these problems.