Abstract
Olivine lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is considered as a promising cathode material for high power-density lithium ion battery due to its high capacity, long cycle life, environmental friendly, low cost, and safety consideration. The theoretical capacity of LiFePO4 based on one electron reaction is 170 mAh g−1 at the stable voltage plateau of 3.5 V vs. Li/Li+. However, the instinct drawbacks of olivine structure induce a poor rate performance, resulting from the low lithium ion diffusion rate and low electronic conductivity. In this review, we summarize the methods for enhancing the rate performance of LiFePO4 cathode materials, including carbon coating, elements doping, preparation of nanosized materials, porous materials and composites, etc. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of above methods are also discussed.
Highlights
In recent years, one of the greatest challenges is to make use of renewable energies to deal with the limited oil storage and global warming threats [1]
Since the olivine LiFePO4 was reported by Goodenough and coworkers in 1997 [4], it has been considered as the most promising cathode candidate for the generation largescale lithiumion batteries (LIBs) used in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs), because of its inherent merits including low toxicity, low material cost, flat voltage profile, long cycle ability and high safety compared to other cathode materials including LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and Li(NiCoMn)O2 etc. [5,6,7]
The olivine LiFePO4 has been considered as the most promising cathode materials for EVs and PHEVs applications due to its inherent merits including low toxicity, low material cost, flat voltage profile, long cycle ability and high safety compared to other cathode materials
Summary
One of the greatest challenges is to make use of renewable energies to deal with the limited oil storage and global warming threats [1]. Carbon coating on the LiFePO4 particles is one of the most important techniques to improve its electrochemical performance with respect to the specific capacity, rate performance, and cycling life [18,19,20,21,22]. The composites exhibited a high specific capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at discharge rate of 5 C.
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