Research progress in brain connectivity based on functional magnetic resonance approaches to the pathophysiology and comorbidity of epilepsy

Abstract

<p indent="0mm">Epilepsy results from disruption of the homeostatic network system in the brain and has been recognized as a brain network disorder. Abnormal networks play a key role in the occurrence and development of epilepsy. Functional magnetic resonance-based approaches to brain connectivity are ideal techniques for exploring the complex images of epilepsy networks. The human brain networks primarily include the intrinsic connectivity network, the morphometric structural network, and the diffusion tractography-based anatomical connectivity network. Studies have provided insight into the physiopathogenesis of the epileptic network underlying focal epilepsy, genetic generalized epilepsy, and specific epileptic syndromes. Many recent studies have investigated the role of abnormal brain networks in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various types of epilepsy and their relationship with clinical prognosis to discover targets for clinical intervention and prognosis prediction and have shown promise in localizing epilepsy networks and lesions. Additionally, an increasing number of studies have focused on the deleterious effects of epilepsy on other brain networks to help explain cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms. Anti-epileptic treatment studies have yielded information about the side effects and restoration of functional abnormalities after using drugs. Moreover, surgery is the main treatment method for refractory epilepsy. Imaging studies are of great significance for exploring the factors that affect the outcome of surgery and developing reliable and feasible efficacy prediction tools. However, large-scale clinical studies with long-term follow-ups are still needed to further verify its effectiveness and accuracy.